Bommera Pothana Andhra Mahaa Bhagavatam Sloka : 1st Skandam : Sloka 02 Vallina Bhakti Mrokkedan

Bommera Pothana Andhra Mahaa Bhagavatam Sloka : 1st Skandam : Sloka 02

Vallina Bhakti Mrokkedan AVaaritha Thandava Kelikin dayaa shaliki Shoolikin
Sikari jaa mukha Padma Mayuuka Malikin baalasashanka Moulikin
Manmadha Garva parvathoan moolikin Naaradhaadi muni Mukya manas saraseeruhaalikin

Courtesy : V sambasiva Rao
pothana-telugu-bhagavatham.blogspot.com/

Bommera Pothana Andhra Mahaa Bhagavatam Sloka : 1st Skandam : Sloka 01 Sri Kaivalya Padambu

Bommera Pothana Andhra Mahaa Bhagavatam Sloka : 1st Skandam : Sloka 01

Sri Kaivalya Padambu Cherutakanai Chintichedan
Loka Rakshaikaarambakun Bhakta Paalanaa Kalha Samrambakun
Dhaanavodreka Stambhakun Kelii Lola Vilasath drugjaala Sambootha
Naana Kam jaatha Bhavaamda Kumbhakun Mahaa Namdhanganaa Dimbakun

Courtesy : V sambasiva Rao
pothana-telugu-bhagavatham.blogspot.com/

failed to establish network connection : one touch access of Nokia PC Suite using bluetooth

Failed to establish network connection : one touch access of Nokia PC
Suite using bluetooth

How to solve this Issue:

go to Bluetooth devices list
then select your phone and click properties
this opens the Phone Properties , and in this go to services tab,
there click the personal area network services , this installs a blue
tooth modem , and then the problem solves

The thing that has to be condemned by the people called HUMANS and feel shy as one part of our community is the reason for this brutality

Please forward until everyone knows about this and it stops !!      This is me.... a Baby Seal..  Norway and Canada have a new kind of tourism. Killing baby seals!!!! They call it 'hunting' and it's a sport  You want to call this sport ??  Is he a sportsman???  Why?  You're our only hope !!!  Please let it stop. This barbarism shouldn't be possible in our society  Don't turn your back on us, we are so defenseless, we have no guns, please help us..!!!  I know these images seem painful for you, but we feel the pain...!! We are being slaughtered by ruthless people and it's going on RIGHT NOW...!!!  What gives him the right to kill us. Who is he to decide about life and death  What kind of sport is this..?? I didn't harm anyone..!! I was just swimming around doing nothing, now I'm dead...!!  Please help me and my friends...!! !  You can't just ignore these images..?? Keep silent and doing nothing makes you guilty...!!  Please help us...!!  Please don't leave us alone...!!      STOP THE KILLING OF SEALS    You can make a statement by  forwarding this mail  to as many people as you can.  Bring these murderers to the attention  of world leaders.  Thank you... !!!!! THIS IS THEIR HOME TOO.  KINDLY FORWARD THIS EMAIL TO EVERY ONE U KNOW

 

Review on nokia n 97

Nokia n 97 a mobile with qwerty keyboard ,the word every one SAYS but
i feel its elegance is no just a qwerty but there are a lot and lots,
i fear i may not be able to quote all its reputed features, this is
what i feel now , but i was of the feeling totally reverse to this few
weeks before, telling and campaigning its waste of your precious mony
& time in going for nokia
n 97 all this change is because of 2 reasons
1. the update of the software from 12.0 to 20.0 ,
2. the java update for the mobile it has fastened my mobile like any thing
3. though this should never br tried and if at all at their own risk :
accidentally fall of my mobile from a height of 5 feet , this has mada
the mobile's auto rotate function work well , for which i have
contacted nokia care people thrice and in the same issue it was even
sent back to factory which has not solved the issue
Now my nokia N 97 is rocking thanks to nokia for making such a great peice

Biomedical waste Disposal

Color of bag	Type of container	Waste type	categories	Disposal mode
Yellow	Plastic bag	Biological waste, { Human ( 1 ) , Animal( 2  ), Microbial & biotechnology ( 3 ) ,Blood & fluid contaminated non biological substances ( 6 ) }	1 , 2 , 3 & 6	Incineration, deep burial,
Red	Container/Bag	Microbial & biotechnology wastes ( 3 ) , Blood & fluid contaminated non biological substances ( 6 ) , non sharp disposable substances( 7 )	3 , 6 , 7	Autoclave, microwave, chemical treatment
Blue/white transculent	Bag/puncture proof container	Disposable nonsharps ( 7 ) & sharps ( 4 )	4 & 7	Autoclave, microwave, chemical treatment , destruction & shredding
Black	Plastic bag	Discarded & outdated drugs ( 5 ) , ash from incinerator ( 9 ) , chemicals: disinfectants, insecticides ( 10 )	5 , 9 , 10	Land fill

 

Incidence & prevalence

Incidence	Prevalaence
Rate	Ratio
Only new cases	Old + new

Prevalence = incidence X duration of illness

 

Type of epidemic	Epdemic curve	Other imp points	Examples
Point source	Sharp raise and shar fall	All cases With in 1 incubation period Epidemic is explosive	Bhopal gas tragedy, food poisoning

Vector born diseasest

Soft tick: QRS : Q fever, relapsing fever , soft tick

Hard tick :tick typhus, viral encephalitis, viral hemorrhagic fever, KFD, Tularemia, tick paralysis, human babesiosis

Mites: itch mite: scabies

: trombiculid mite: scrub typhus, ricketsial pox

Typhus: epidemic typhus: louse

   : endemic ( or ) murine  typhus: rat flea

   : scrub typhus: tromboculid mite

   : tick typhus: hard tick

Louse: PTR:  ePidemic Typhus , Trench fever, Relapsing fever

Relapsing fever: soft tick & louse

Vector born diseases

Type of mosquito	Disease
Anopheles	Malaria, filaria ( not in India )
Culex	Bancroftian filariasis, japanese encephalitis, West Nile fever, viral arthritis
Aedes	Yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, rift valley fever, filaria
Mansonoides	Malayan( brugian ) filariasis, chikungunya

Source: table 5 page no: 626 park 19th edition

Vector born diseases

Vector	Disease
Anopheles	Malaria, filaria ( not in India )
Culex	Bancroftian filariasis,  japanese encephalitis, West Nile fever,  viral arthritis
Aedes	Yellow fever,  dengue, chikungunya, rift valley fever, filaria
Mansonoides	Malayan( brugian ) filariasis,  chikungunya
Sand fly	Kala azar, oriental sores, oriental fever, sand fly fever
Tse-Tse fly	African sleeping sickness
Louse	PTR:  ePidemic Typhus , Trench fever, Relapsing fever, Pediculosis
Rat flea	Bubonic plague, Endemic Plague, Chiggerosis,  hymenolepis diminuta
Black fly	Onchocercosis
Reduvid Bug	Chaga's disease
Hard tick	Tick typhus, viral encephalitis, viral hemorrhagic fever, KFD, Tularemia, tick paralysis, human babesiosis
Soft Tick	QRS : Q fever, Relapsing fever , Soft tick
Thrombiculoid Mite	Scrub Typhus, Ricketsial Pox
Itch Mite	Scabies
Cyclops	Guinea worm, fish tape worm

 

My experience with dell care

i think dell care is messing their customers up, i have faced a lot of troubles with those damn dell care people for ordering a AC adapter for the Inspiron E1505. i ordered it on 27 -04 2009, and the quotation was sent on the same day, and i made the Telephonic payment next day, the order was placed with the sales person amarjeet sond. that da he was so polite and considerate in making the order , but i don't find his sincerity in completing the sale.

as per the dell procedure after making the payment, the order has to be confirmed by the same sales person to whom the order is made. but to my surprise my order is not confirmed by that great amarjeet for 2 days, and am unable to reach him either by mail or by phone. and when i call dell care they make liste to their boring tring tring, for at least 100 times and the phone hangs up.

added to this is the another misery i clearly said my mobile number and address , and made them repeat the same. but the address i was sent in the quotation was different , i made the correction at the time of the payment , but am very much worried of the delivering address and hence i was making calls to contact the dell care people, but in vain

i shall narrate how the process has gone:

1st day i called: i took to an executive who listened to my trouble for few minutes and told me to talk to amarjeet

then they tried to contact hi and the same boring tring tring.....

next day i called them they tld that on the may 1st its a holiday and so to call on monday...

again i called them to let them know of my fear of placing the order to some one else...

they simply told that what ever can be done , can only be done by amarjeet.

and right now am waiting fr that great marjeet to know which adress thay have placed the order.

i feel apple company releasing it's itunes 8.0.2 with out proper testing

i am having apple ipod classic 160GB , i had updated my tunes on 11th of December 2008 with the itunes 8.0.2, which has been released earlier i the month of November, but to my fascination my ipod is recognised neither by the by the itunes nor by the windows. windows beeps(sounds ) that the ipod is plugged in, but is not being shown it i the my computer nor in the itunes.

when i searched the web for remedy, many of the users s having the same problem, till date i have been of opinion that the apple company products shall stand 1st in the quality of the services provided but with the agony i faced for 2 days, now i feel apple company is not an exception to other companies in offering miseries to its customers

ok i feel it is very important of how to solve this
the problem is with itunes 8.o.2 only and not with the earlier one,
and even if u tend to uninstall the apple mobile device driver from add remove programs, then the ipod tends to be recognized by the windows, ( visible in My computer )
but to totally solve the problem, totally uninstall all the apple products, i mean apple itunes, quick time, and the mobile device driver and then install the previous versin 8.0.1
you can find that here

http://appldnld.apple.com.edgesuite.net/content.info.apple.com/iTunes8/061-5555.20081002.5Kij7/iTunes801Setup.exe

this shall solve your problem

Reye syndrome

1. characterized by acute noninflammatory encephalopathy and hepatic failure
2. the etiology of Reye syndrome is unknown , occurs after a viral illness, particularly an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), influenza, varicella, or gastroenteritis, and it is associated with the use of aspirin during the illness.
3. more than 3-fold increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and/or ammonia levels
4. Inborn errors that may mimic Reye syndrome include fatty-acid oxidation defects, amino and organic acidopathies, urea-cycle defects, and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
5. Reye syndrome is equally distributed between the sexes.
6. Reye syndrome rarely occurs in newborns or in children older than 18 years
7. Reye syndrome can occur after vaccination with live viral vaccines.
8. Clinical features : pernicious vomiting Lethargy Diarrhea and hyperventilation
9. No specific treatment exists. Continue careful monitoring.

snow : mnemonic

Snow

Southern blot: DNA analysis

Northern blot: RNA

Western blot :protein

Eponyms

Eponym	Explanation	Reference if any
Mollaret's meningits	Lymohocytic meningitis due to HSV	Micro arora, p.no 217
1st day disease	Measles{Rubeola}
2nd day disease	Scarlet fever
3rd	Rubella { german measles
4th	Fliator Dukes disease , variant of scarlet fever
5th	Erythema infectioosum
6th	Exanthema subitum
Cushing reflex	bradycardia, hypertension, and irregular respirations	p.no 2473 harrison 16 th ed
Cushing phenomenon, Cushing effect; Cushing response;	rise in BP when the intracranial pressure acutely increases, usually in excess of 50% of the systolic arterial pressure.

CSF analysis

Constituent	SI Units	Conventional Units
Glucose	2.22–3.89 mmol/L	40–70 mg/dL
Lactate	1–2 mmol/L	10–20 mg/dL
Total protein
Lumbar	0.15–0.5 g/L	15–50 mg/dL
Cisternal	0.15–0.25 g/L	15–25 mg/dL
Ventricular	0.06–0.15 g/L	6–15 mg/dL
Albumin	0.066–0.442 g/L	6.6–44.2 mg/dL
IgG	0.009–0.057 g/L	0.9–5.7 mg/dL
IgG indexb	0.29–0.59
Oligoclonal bands (OGB)	<2>
Ammonia	15–47 µmol/L	25–80 µg/dL
CSF pressure		50–180 mmH2O
CSF volume (adult)	~150 mL
Red blood cells	0	0
Leukocytes
Total	0–5 mononuclear cells per mm3
Differential
Lymphocytes	60–70%
Monocytes	30–50%
Neutrophils	None

Hepatitis viruses

1. human hepatitis viruses are RNA viruses, except for hepatitis B, which is a DNA virus
2. progressive chronic liver disease with cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma, common to the bloodborne types (HBV, HCV, and HDV)

Hepatitis A

1. ether-resistant RNA virus
2. Inactivation of viral activity can be achieved by boiling for 1 min, by contact with formaldehyde and chlorine, or by ultraviolet irradiation
3. one serotype.
4. Hepatitis A has an incubation period of approximately 4 weeks.
5. Its replication is limited to the liver, but the virus is present in the liver, bile, stools, and blood during the late incubation period and acute preicteric phase of illness
6. viral shedding in feces, viremia, and infectivity diminish rapidly once jaundice becomes apparent
7. Antibodies to HAV (anti-HAV) can be detected during acute illness when serum aminotransferase activity is elevated and fecal HAV shedding is still occurring
8. early antibody response is predominantly of the IgM class
9. During convalescence, however, anti-HAV of the IgG class becomes the predominant antibody
10. diagnosis of hepatitis A is made during acute illness by demonstrating anti-HAV of the IgM class.
11. After acute illness, anti-HAV of the IgG class remains detectable indefinitely, and patients with serum anti-HAV are immune to reinfection

Hepatitis B

1. a DNA virus
2. HBV is now recognized as one of a family of animal viruses, hepadnaviruses (hepatotropic DNA viruses), and is classified as hepadnavirus type 1
3. Instead of DNA replication directly from a DNA template, hepadnaviruses rely on reverse transcription
4. HBV is difficult to cultivate in vitro in the conventional sense from clinical material
5. Geographic distribution of genotypes and subtypes varies
6. Clinical course and outcome are independent of subtype,
7. hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg), and its corresponding antibody is anti-HBc. A third HBV antigen is hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), a soluble, nonparticulate, nucleocapsid protein
8. HBeAg, which has a signal peptide that binds it to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and leads to its secretion into the circulation
9. HBcAg is the protein product; it has no signal peptide, it is not secretedHBcAg particles remain in the hepatocyte, where they are readily detectable by immunohistochemical staining naked core particles do not circulate in the serum
10. HBeAg, provides a convenient, readily detectable, qualitative marker of HBV replication and relative infectivity.
11. HBsAg-positive with HBeAg is more highly infectious and associated with hepatitis B virions (and detectable HBV DNA, ) than HBeAg-negative or anti-HBe-positive serum. For example, HBsAg carrier mothers who are HBeAg-positive almost invariably (>90%) transmit hepatitis B infection to their offspring, whereas HBsAg carrier mothers with anti-HBe rarely (10 to 15%) infect their offspring
12. during the course of acute hepatitis B, HBeAg appears transiently; its disappearance may be a harbinger of clinical improvement and resolution of infection
13. Persistence of HBeAg in serum beyond the first 3 months of acute infection may be predictive of the development of chronic infection,
14. the presence of HBeAg during chronic hepatitis B is associated with ongoing viral replication, infectivity, and inflammatory liver injury.
15. DNA polymerase has both DNA-dependent DNA polymerase and RNA-dependent reverse transcriptase activities
16. hepatitis B x antigen (HBxAg), that is capable of transactivating the transcription of both viral and cellular genes
17. clinical association observed between the expression of HBxAg and antibodies to it in patients with severe chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma

SEROLOGIC AND VIROLOGIC MARKERS

First virologic marker detectable in serum is HBsAg

1. Circulating HBsAg precedes elevations of serum aminotransferase activity and clinical symptoms
2. Remains detectable during the entire icteric or symptomatic phase of acute hepatitis B and beyond.
3. Typically HBsAg becomes undetectable 1 to 2 months after the onset of jaundice and rarely persists beyond 6 months.
4. After HBsAg disappears, antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) becomes detectable in serum and remains detectable indefinitely thereafter
5. variability exists in the time of appearance of anti-HBs after HBV infection, a gap of several weeks or longer may separate the disappearance of HBsAg and the appearance of anti-HBs : gap” or “window” period
6. persons with anti-HBs in serum are protected against reinfection with HBV suggest that anti-HBs is the protective antibody
7. HBsAg; its presence does not signal imminent clearance of hepatitis B.

HBcAg

1. sequestered within an HBsAg coat, and is not detectable in serum .
2. By contrast, anti-HBc is readily demonstrable in serum, beginning within the first 1

to 2 weeks after the appearance of HBsAg and

3. Anti Hbc preceeds anti-HBs Ab by weeks to months
4. anti-HBc may represent serologic evidence of current or recent HBV infection especially in window period
5. blood containing anti-HBc in the absence of HBsAg and anti-HBs has been implicated in the development of transfusion-associated
6. isolated anti-HBc does not necessarily indicate active virus replication; most instances of isolated anti-HBc represent hepatitis B infection in the remote past.
7. Anti-HBc of the IgM class (IgM anti-HBc) predominates during the first 6 months after acute infection, whereas IgG anti-HBc is the predominant class of anti-HBc beyond 6 months.
8. Generally, in persons who have recovered from hepatitis B, anti-HBs and anti-HBc persist indefinitely

HBeAg,

1. appears concurrently with or shortly after HBsAg.
2. Its appearance coincides temporally with high levels of virus replication and reflects the presence of circulating intact virions and detectable HBV DNA.
3. In self-limited HBV infections, HBeAg becomes undetectable shortly after peak elevations in aminotransferase activity, before the disappearance of HBsAg, and anti-HBe then becomes detectable
4. HBeAg is a qualitative marker and HBV DNA a quantitative marker of this replicative phase,

EXTRAHEPATIC SITES

1. Hepatitis B antigens and HBV DNA have been identified in extrahepatic sites, including lymph nodes, bone marrow, circulating lymphocytes, spleen, and pancreas
2. does not appear to be associated with tissue injury in any of these extrahepatic sites,
3. explains the recurrence of HBV infection after orthotopic liver transplantation

Explanation to medical instruments

Explanation to medical instruments

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

from bailey book

The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) is a better indicator of both circulating blood volume and left ventricular function. PCWP is obtained by a pulmonary artery flotation balloon catheter (Swan—Ganz). This can be used to differentiate between left and right ventricular failure, pulmonary embolus, septic shock and ruptured mitral valve, and can also be an accurate guide to therapy with fluids, inotropic agents and vasodilators. It may also be used to measure cardiac output by a thermodilution technique simply at the bedside.

Measurement of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

This specialised procedure requires supervised training, practice, patience and experience in interpreting the values measured and waveforms indicated. Complications include arrhythmias, pulmonary infarction, pulmonary artery rup­ture, balloon rupture and catheter knotting, in addition to the complication from central venous cannulation. The catheter should not be left in situ for more than 72 hours; if further haemodynamic monitoring is required, a new catheter should be inserted.

Method. Strict aseptic central venous cannulation should be performed (e.g. via right internal jugular vein) and using the appropriate introducers, cannula and guidewire, the catheter, flushed and wiped with heparin saline, introduced into the right atrium. The balloon, inflated with 1.5 ml of air, should be advanced slowly via the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery, checked by x-ray and monitored by pressure tracing, which becomes characteristically flat when the balloon wedges in a small branch to give the capillary pressure (indicating left atrial pressure). When the balloon is deflated, the pulmonary artery pressure is obtained. The balloon must never be reinflated in the absence of a normal pulmonary artery waveform as this means that the tip alone is wedged and reinflation might therefore rupture the pulmonary artery. Withdrawal of 2—3 cm is mandatory until the waveform reappears and reinflation can be permitted.

The transducer should be placed at the midaxillary point (zero reference point); the normal PCWP is between 8 and 12 mmHg (10.5 and 15.5 cmH2O), and normal pulmonary artery pressure is 25 mmHg systolic and 10 mmHg diastolic.

Clinical monitoring

In summary, patient monitoring in shock should include:

• pulse;

• blood pressure (recording systolic and diastolic pressure, the pulse pressure, using an intra-arterial line if necessary);

• heart rate and rhythm (cardioscope);

• respiratory rate and depth;

• CVP;

• PCWP in severe shock when the diagnosis is in doubt;

• urine output;

• serial blood gases and serum electrolyte measurements.

Medical instruments

Instrument	parametre	Reference / explanation
Swan ganz catheter	Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure	Bailey 23 rd edition page 105 of 2809 next page shown
Two-dimensional echocardiography	four chamber sizes, regional and global systolic function, and chamber wall thickness valve motion, intracardiac masses, abnormal or absent cardiac structures, and pericardial fluid	Cmdt 2008 go there and search for this in cardiology section
PulsedDoppler ultrasound	semiquantitative or qualitative estimation of the severity of transvalvular gradients, RV systolic pressure, PA pressure, valvular regurgitation, and intracardiac shunts	CMDT 2008 go there and search for this in cardiology section
Color flow Doppler ultrasound	visual pattern of blood flow velocities superimposed over the anatomic two-dimensional echocardiographic image thus demonstration of turbulence from stenotic or regurgitant valves, and for the visualization of intracardiac defects	CMDT 2008 go there and search for this in cardiology section
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with Doppler ultrasound	to derive information about posterior structures (especially the atria and AV valves), prosthetic heart valves, and intracardiac masses not seen on chest wall echocardiography (eg, vegetations in endocarditis or thrombi on pacemaker leads), and to monitor patients during surgery confirm the location of the pulmonary veins and define septal defects or the presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) superior to surface echocardiography in diagnosing LA appendage thrombi and regurgitant lesions associated with prosthetic valves quite sensitive in detecting aortic dissection and severe atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta,	CMDT 2008 go there and search for this in cardiology section
Stress echocardiography	used in valvular as well as ischemic heart disease.	CMDT 2008 go there and search for this in cardiology section
Cardiac MRI	useful for defining myocardial diseases such as sarcoidosis or amyloidosis. Flow measurements, valve orifice sizes, and shunt sizes can all be determined Contrast-enhanced images can provide accurate measurement of myocardial infarction size and location to screen for renal artery stenosis in patients with hypertension. However, patients with metal pacemakers or defibrillators are not candidates for MRI.	CMDT 2008 go there and search for this in cardiology section
Cardiac multislice CT (fast CT)	it is an excellent test to confirm normal coronaries used to screen patients for CAD. the effective dose equivalent is around 20 milliSieverts, about the same as a rest and exercise thallium study	CMDT 2008 go there and search for this in cardiology section