Biomedical waste Disposal

Color of bag	Type of container	Waste type	categories	Disposal mode
Yellow	Plastic bag	Biological waste, { Human ( 1 ) , Animal( 2  ), Microbial & biotechnology ( 3 ) ,Blood & fluid contaminated non biological substances ( 6 ) }	1 , 2 , 3 & 6	Incineration, deep burial,
Red	Container/Bag	Microbial & biotechnology wastes ( 3 ) , Blood & fluid contaminated non biological substances ( 6 ) , non sharp disposable substances( 7 )	3 , 6 , 7	Autoclave, microwave, chemical treatment
Blue/white transculent	Bag/puncture proof container	Disposable nonsharps ( 7 ) & sharps ( 4 )	4 & 7	Autoclave, microwave, chemical treatment , destruction & shredding
Black	Plastic bag	Discarded & outdated drugs ( 5 ) , ash from incinerator ( 9 ) , chemicals: disinfectants, insecticides ( 10 )	5 , 9 , 10	Land fill

 

Incidence & prevalence

Incidence	Prevalaence
Rate	Ratio
Only new cases	Old + new

Prevalence = incidence X duration of illness

 

Type of epidemic	Epdemic curve	Other imp points	Examples
Point source	Sharp raise and shar fall	All cases With in 1 incubation period Epidemic is explosive	Bhopal gas tragedy, food poisoning

Vector born diseasest

Soft tick: QRS : Q fever, relapsing fever , soft tick

Hard tick :tick typhus, viral encephalitis, viral hemorrhagic fever, KFD, Tularemia, tick paralysis, human babesiosis

Mites: itch mite: scabies

: trombiculid mite: scrub typhus, ricketsial pox

Typhus: epidemic typhus: louse

   : endemic ( or ) murine  typhus: rat flea

   : scrub typhus: tromboculid mite

   : tick typhus: hard tick

Louse: PTR:  ePidemic Typhus , Trench fever, Relapsing fever

Relapsing fever: soft tick & louse

Vector born diseases

Type of mosquito	Disease
Anopheles	Malaria, filaria ( not in India )
Culex	Bancroftian filariasis, japanese encephalitis, West Nile fever, viral arthritis
Aedes	Yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, rift valley fever, filaria
Mansonoides	Malayan( brugian ) filariasis, chikungunya

Source: table 5 page no: 626 park 19th edition

Vector born diseases

Vector	Disease
Anopheles	Malaria, filaria ( not in India )
Culex	Bancroftian filariasis,  japanese encephalitis, West Nile fever,  viral arthritis
Aedes	Yellow fever,  dengue, chikungunya, rift valley fever, filaria
Mansonoides	Malayan( brugian ) filariasis,  chikungunya
Sand fly	Kala azar, oriental sores, oriental fever, sand fly fever
Tse-Tse fly	African sleeping sickness
Louse	PTR:  ePidemic Typhus , Trench fever, Relapsing fever, Pediculosis
Rat flea	Bubonic plague, Endemic Plague, Chiggerosis,  hymenolepis diminuta
Black fly	Onchocercosis
Reduvid Bug	Chaga's disease
Hard tick	Tick typhus, viral encephalitis, viral hemorrhagic fever, KFD, Tularemia, tick paralysis, human babesiosis
Soft Tick	QRS : Q fever, Relapsing fever , Soft tick
Thrombiculoid Mite	Scrub Typhus, Ricketsial Pox
Itch Mite	Scabies
Cyclops	Guinea worm, fish tape worm